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28. Ute Frevert, Women in German History. New York: Oxford University Press,
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36. James Gilligan, Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic. New York:
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37. Judith Sherven and James Sniechowski, "Women Are Responsible, Too." S.O.F.I.E.
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D. C. Heath & Co., 1991.
39. Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley, Ghosts From the Nursery: Tracing
the Roots of Violence. New York, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998, p. 119.
40. James Gilligan, Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic, p. 45.
41. Ibid., p. 64.
42. Ibid., p. 67.
43. Michael P. Ghiglieri, The Dark Side of Man, p. 138.
44. Jack Katz, Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil.
New York: Basic Books, 1988, p. 18.
45. Ibid, p. 71.
46. James Gilligan, Violence, p. 11.
47. Candace B. Pert, Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel. New
York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
48. Nancy Eisenberg, The Caring Child. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1992, p. 8.
49. Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson, Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional
Life of Boys. New York: Ballatine Books, 1999, p. 72.
50. Richard Rhodes, Why They Kill: The Discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999, p. 206.
51. Ibid.
52. Adrian Raine, The Psychopathology of Crime, pp. 85, 263; Brett Kahr, "Ancient
Infanticide and Modern Schizophrenia: The Clinical Uses of Psychohistorical
Research." The Journal of Psychohistory 20(1993): 267-273.
53. Adrian Raine, The Psychopathology of Crime, pp. 85, 260; David M. Stoff
and Robert B. Cairns, Eds., Aggression and Violence: Genetic, Neurobiological
and Biosocial Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996.
54. Bessel A. van der Kolk and Jose Saporta, "The Biological Response to Psychic
Trauma: Meahanisms and Treatment of Intrusion and Numbing." Anxiety Research,
4(1991): 205.
55. Debra Hiehoff, The Biology of Violence: How Understanding the Brain, Behavior,
and Environment Can Break the Vicious Circle of Aggression. New York: The Free
Press, 1999, p. 129.
56. Allan N. Schore, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology
of Emotional Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers,
1994.
57. Allan N. Schore, "A Century After Freud’s Project: Is a Rapprochement Between
Psychoanalysis and Neurobiology at Hand?" Journal of the American Psychoanalystic
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58. Ibid., p. 339.
59. Robert I. Simon, Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream: A Forensic Psychiatrist
Illuminates the Darker Side of Human Behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric
Press, 1996, p. 28.
60. Richard Rhodes, Why They Kill, p. 95; Lonnie Athens, The Creation of Violent
Criminals. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
61. Richard Rhodes, Why They Kill, p. 210.
62. Fredric Schiffer, Of Two Minds: the Revolutionary Science of Dual-Brain
Psychology. New York: The Free Press, 1998.
63. Ibid., p. 12.
64. Ibid., p. 45.
65. Ibid., pp. 62, 68-69, 210.
66. Rudolph Hoess, Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz.
New York: Da Capo Press, 1996, p. 183.
67. Ibid, p. 163.
68. Tom Main, "Some Psychodynamics of Large Groups." In Lionel Kreeger, Ed.,
The Large Group: Dynamics and Therapy. London: Karnac Books, 1994, p. 64.
69. Edward Chancellor, Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation.
New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1999, p. 212.
70. Barbara Ehrenreich, Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of
War. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1997, p. 10.
71. David Grossman, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in
War and Society. New York: Little, Brown & Co., 1995, p. 13.
72. Frederick Leboyer, Birth Without Violence. London: Inner Traditions International,
1995.
73. George Victor, Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington: Brassey’s, 1998,
p. 144.
74. William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent
1934-1941. New York: Galahad Books, 1995, p. 141.
75. Götz Aly, "The Universe of Death and Torment." In Robert R. Shandley, Ed.,
Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press, 1998, p. 169.
76. Ronald Katz, "Mothers and Daughters—The Tie that Binds: Early Identification
and the Psychotherapy of Women." In Gerd H. Fenchel, Ed., The Mother-Daughter
Relationship: Echoes Through Time. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1998, p. 248.
77. See Chapter 7.
78. Margaret Mahler, "Aggression in the Service of Separation-Individuation."
Psychoanalytic Quarterly 50(1981): 631.
79. Ronald Katz, "Mothers and Daughters," p. 245.
80. Joseph C. Rheingold, The Fear of Being a Woman: A Theory of Maternal Destructiveness.
New York: Grune & Stratton, 1964.
81. Brandt F. Steele, "Parental Abuse of Infants and Small Children."
82. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants, and Natural
Selection. New York: Pantheon Books, 1999, p. 166.
83. Ibid., p. 170.
84. T. Berry Brazelton and Bertrand G. Cramer, The Earliest Relationship: Parents,
Infants and the Drama of Early Attachment. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1990,
p. 11.
85. Ibid., p. 145.
86. Ibid., p. 255.
87. Stern also turns off the sound when watching mother-infant videotapes; see
Daniel N. Stern, The Motherhood Constellation, p. 67.
88. Stephen S. Hall, "The Bully in the Mirror." The New York Times Magazine,
p. 34.
89. Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson, Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional
Life of Boys. New York: Ballantine Books, 1999, p. 13.
90. Ibid., p. 55; Michael P. Ghiglieri, The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins
of Male Violence. Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1999, p. 5; Janet Ann DiPietro,
"Rough and Tumble Play: A Function of Gender." In Juanita H. Williams, Ed.,
Psychology of Women: Selected Readings. 2nd Edition. New York: W. W. Norton
& Co., 1985, p. 156; Murray A. Straus, "Spanking by Parents and Subsequent Antisocial
Behavior of Children." Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 151(1997):
762.
91. G. Fritz et al, "A Comparison of Males and Females Who Were Sexually Molested
as Children." Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy 7(1981): 55.
92. Jeffrey Z. Rubin et al, "The Eye of the Beholder: Parents’ Views on Sex
of Newborns." In Juanita H. Williams, Ed., Psychology of Women: Selected Readings.
2nd Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1985, pp. 147-152; Dan Kindlon and
Michael Thompson, Raising Cain, p. 41.
93. Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson, Raising Cain, p. 11.
94. Ibid., p. 53.
95. For more on the Medea complex and maternal destructiveness, see Joseph C.
Rheingold, The Mother, Anxiety and Death: The Catastrophic Death Complex. London:
J. & A. Churchill, 1967, pp. 104-154.
96. Ibid. p. 46
97. Ibid.
98. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots, 1982,
p. 41.
99. Allan N. Schore, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self, p. 102.
100. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory, p. 41.
101. Silvia di Lorenzo, La Grande Madre Mafia: Psicoanalisi del Potere Mafioso.
Milano: Pratiche Editrice, 1996, p. 44.
102. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, "Issues in Cross-Cultural Studies of Interpersonal
Violence." In R. Barry Rubach and Neil Alan Weiner, Eds., Interpersonal Violent
Behaviors: Social and Cultural Aspects. New York: Springer Publishing Co., 1995,
pp. 32-33.
103. Michael A. Milburn and S. D. Conrad, "The Politics of Denial." The Journal
of Psychohistory 23(1996): 238-251.
104. Robert Godwin, "The Exopsychic Structure of Politics." The Journal of Psychohistory
23(1996): 252-253.
105. Otto F. Kernberg, "Hatred As a Core Affect of Aggression." In Salman Akhtar,
Ed., The Birth of Hatred: Developmental, Clinical, and Technical Aspects of
Intense Aggression. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1995, p. 76.
106. Omer Bartov, "Savage War." In Michael Burleigh, Ed., Confronting the Nazi
Past: New Debates on Modern German History. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996,
p. 126.
107. Gustav Krupp, cited in The Nation, August 9/16, 1999, p. 36.
108. Ibid.
109. Sue Mansfield, The Gestalts of War: An Inquiry into Its Origins and Meanings
as a Social Institution. New York: The Dial Press, 1982, p. 62.
110. Martin Broszat, Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany. Oxford: Berg,
1987, p. 4.
111. Andrew Delbanco, The Real American Dream: A Beditation on Hope. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1999, p. 51.
112. Ralph Greenson, "Why Men Like War." In R. Nemiroff et al, Eds., On Loving,
Hating and Living Well. New York: International Universities Press, 1992, p.
127; Hanna Fenichel Pitkin, Fortune Is a Woman: Gender and Politics in the Thought
of Niccolo Machiavelli. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, pp.
25, 274; Page Smith, The Shaping of America. Volume Three. New York: Penguin
Books, 1980, p. 42.
113. Luh Ketut Suryani and Godon D. Jensen, Trance and Possession in Bali: A
Window on Western Multiple Personality, Possession Disorder and Suicide. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1993, p. 44.
114. Ibid., p. 32.
115. Margaret Power, The Egalitarians—Human and Chimpanzee: An Anthropological
View of Social Organization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p.
1.
116. Kalevi J. Holsti, Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order
1648-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 59.
117. See Chapters 7-9.
118. J. David Singer and Melvin Small, The Wages of War 1816-1965: A Statistical
Handbook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1972; Quincy Wright, A Study of War.
Second Ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962; Francis A. Beer,
Peace Against War: The Ecology of International Violence. San Francisco: W.
H. Freeman and Co., 1981; George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1987.
119. Frank H. Denton and Warren Phillips, "Some Patterns in the History of Violence."
Conflict Resolution 12(1968): 193; William R. Thompson, On Global War: Historical-Structural
Approaches to World Politics. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press,
1988, p. 94.
120. Brian J. L. Berry, Long-Wave Rhythms in Economic Development and Political
Behavior. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
121. Christopher Chase-Dunn and Kenneth O’Reilly, "Core Wars of the Future."
In Robert K. Schaeffer, Ed., War in the World-System. New York: Greenwood Press,
1989, p. 121.
122. Joshua S. Goldstein, "Kondratieff Waves as War Cycles." International Studies
Quarterly 29(1985): 421.
123. Ibid., p. 434.
124. Frank Klingberg, "The Historical Alteration of Moods in American Foreign
Policy." World Politics 4(1952): 239-73. See also Jack E. Holmes, The Mood/Interest
Theory of American Foreign Policy. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky,
1985.
125. Lloyd deMause, Reagan’s America. New York: Creative Roots, 1984.
126. Lloyd deMause, Ibid., pp. 56-57.
127. For an attempt to quantify group-fantasy cartoon images, see Winfried Kurth,
"The Psychological background of Germany’s Participation in the Kosovo War."
The Journal of Psychohistory 27(1999): 101-102.
128. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory, pp. 189-192.
129. Candace B. Pert, Molecules of Emotion: The Science Behind Mind-Body Medicine.
New York: Simon & Schuster.
130. The closest to my four-stage group-fantasy theory has been the "public
moods" cycles described for Western Europe since 1876 in Keith L. Nelson and
Spencer C. Olin, Jr. Why War? Ideology, Theory and History. Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1979.
131. See Chapters 8 and 9.
132. Sean Dennis Cashman, America in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln
to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. Third Ed. New York: New York University Press,
1993; William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity 1914-1932. Second Ed.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1958.
133. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1994, p. 282.
134. John A. Vasquez, The War Puzzle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
pp. 263-280.
135. Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women. New
York: Crown Publishers, 1991.
136. Debora Silverman, "The ‘New Woman,’ Feminism, and the Decorative Arts in
Fin-de-Siecle France." In Lynn Hunt, Ed., Eroticism and the Body Politic. Baltimore:
The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991, p. 144.
137. Kenneth Alan Adams, "Arachnophobia: Love American Style." The Journal of
Psychoanalytic Anthropology 4(1981): 193.
138. Elaine Showalter, Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle.
New York: Penguin Books, p. 1990
139. Susan Faludi, Backlash, p. 62.
140. Lloyd deMause, "American Purity Crusades." The Journal of Psychohistory
14(1987):345-350.
141. David J. Pivar, Purity Crusade, Sexual Morality and Social Control, 1968-1900.
Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1973.
142. Ibid., p. 176.
143. Ibid., p. 233.
144. Jayme A. Sokolow, Eros and Modernization: Sylvester Graham, Health Reform,
and the Origins of Victorian Sexuality in America. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson
University Press, 1983, p. 80.
145. Michael Paul Rogin, Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation
of the American Indian. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975, p. 49.
146. Edward Chancellor, Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation.
New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1999, p. 204.
147. Ronald G. Walters, "The Erotic South: Civilization and Sexuality in American
Abolitionism." American Quarterly 25(1973): 183
148. George L. Mosse, Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal
Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, 1985, p. 33.
149. Time, January 24, 1964, p. 54.
150. Lloyd deMause, "’Heads and Tails’: Money As A Poison Container." The Journal
of Psychohistory 16(1988): 12.
151. James A. Estey, Business Cycles: Their Nature, Cause, and Control. Third
Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1956, p. 95.
152. Marisa Dillon Weston, "Anorexia as a Symbol of an Empty Matrix Dominated
by the Dragon Mother." Group Analysis 32(1999): 71-85.
153. Ibid., p. 74.
154. Michael Paul Rogin, Fathers and Children, p. 291.
155. Edward Chancellor, Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation.
New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1999, p. 186.
156. Sean Dennis Cashman, America in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln
to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. Third Ed., New York: New York University
Press, 1993, p. 107.
157. William Greider, Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the
Country. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, p. 300.
158. Lloyd deMause, Reagan’s America. New York: Creative Roots, 1984, p. 55.
159. William K. Joseph, "Prediction, Psychology and Economics." The Journal
of Psychohistory 15(1987): 111.
160. Paul Krugman, "Financial Crises in the International Economy." In Martin
Feldstein, Ed., The Risk of Economic Crisis. Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press, 1991, p. 108.
161. William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity 1914-1932. Second Ed.,
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1958, p. 265.
162. Edward Chancellor, Devil Take the Hindmost, pp. 198-223.
163. Didier Anzieu, Le Groupe et l’inconscient. Paris: Dunod, 1975, p. 319.
164. Paul Parin et al., Fear Thy Neighbor as Thyself: Psychoanalysis and Society
Among the Anyi of West Africa. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980,
p. 282.
165. Harold P. Blum, "Sanctified Aggression, Hate, and the Alternation of Standards
and Values." In Salman Akhtar, et al., Ed., The Birth of Hatred: Developmental,
Clinical, and Technical Aspects of Intense Aggression. Northvale, NJ: Jason
Aronson, 1995, p. 19.
166. Robert S. Robins and Jerrold M. Post, Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics
of Hatred. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, p. 98.
167. Blema S. Steinberg, Shame and Humiliation: Presidential Decision Making
on Vietnam. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996, p. 2.
168. The Wall Street Journal, April 27, 1994, p. A12.
169. Gwen J. Broude, "Protest Masculinity: A Further Look at the Causes and
the Concept." Ethos 18(1990): 103-121.
170. Lloyd deMause, "The Phallic Presidency." The Journal of Psychohistory 25(1998):
354-357.
171. Ibid.
172. George Victor, Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington: Brassey’s, 1998,
p. 105.
173. Ibid., p. 78.
174. Blema S. Steinberg, Shame and Humiliation, p. 31.
175. Charles W. Socarides, The Preoedipal Origin and Psychoanalytic Therapy
of Sexual Perversions. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, 1988,
p. 47.
176. Doris Kearns Goodwin, Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream. New York:
St. Martin’s Press, p. 191.
177. Ibid., p. 200.
178. Blema S. Steinberg, Shame and Humiliation, p. 79.
179. Michael Hutchison, The Anatomy of Sex and Power: An Investigation of Mind-Body
Politics. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1990, p. 44.
180. David Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest. New York: Random House, 1972,
p. 414.
181. Blema S. Steinberg, Shame and Humiliation, p. 99.
182. Jerrold Atlas, "Understanding the Correlation Between Childhood Punishment
and Adult Hypnotizability as It Impacts on the Command Power of Modern ‘Charismatic’
Political leaders." The Journal of Psychohistory 17(1990): 309-318.
183. Robert G. L. Waite, Kaiser and Führer: A Comparative Study of Personality
and Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998, p. 31.
184. Hans Kohn, Prelude to Nation States: The French and German Experience,
1878-1815. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand, 1967, p. 261.
185. Howard Zinn, The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy. New
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186. Robert B. Stinnett, Day of Deceit: The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor.
New York: The Free Press, 2000.
187. Chapter 1.
188. C. David Heymann, RFK: A Candid Biography of Robert F. Kennedy. New York:
Dutton, 1998, p. 17.
189. Ibid., pp. 387 and 238.
190. Gus Russo, Live By the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death
of JFK. Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998, p. 18.
191. Ibid., p. 64.
192. Ibid., p. 77.
193. Ibid., p. 164.
194. Richard J. Barnet, Roots of War. New York: Atheneum, 1972, p. 82.
195. James N. Giglio, The Presidency of John F. Kennedy. Lawrence, KS: University
Press of Kansas, 1991, p. 150.
196. Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, Ed., The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the
White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1997, p. 424.
197. Gus Russo, Live By the Sword, p. 177.
198. Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, "One Hell of a Gamble": Khrushchev,
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200. James H. Hutson, "The American Revolution: The Triumph of a Delusion?"
In Erich Angermann, Ed., New Wine in Old Skins. Stuttgart: Klett, 1976, p. 179;
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p. 113.
201. Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform In Mid-Nineteenth Century
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203. Michael Barkun, Disaster and the Millennium. Syracuse: Syracuse University
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205. Edward Ross Dickinson, The Politics of German Child Welfare from the Empire
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208. Bram Dijkstra, Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in Fin-de-Siècle
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211. The Nation, January 10/17, 2000, p. 11.
212. Gordon A. Craig, Germany 1866-1945. New York: Oxford University Press,
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213. Keith Wilson, Ed., Decisions for War 1914. New York: St. Martin’s Press,
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214. Donald Kagan, On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace. New
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215. George Steiner, In Bluebeard’s Castle: Some Notes Towards the Re-Definition
of Culture. London: Faber & Feber, 1971, p. 27.
216. Michael C. C. Adams, The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of
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218. Sa-Moon Kang, Divine War in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East.
New York; Walter de Gruyter, 1989, p. 10.
219. John Bierhorst, The Hungry Woman: Myths and Legends of the Eztecs. New
York: William Morrow, 1984, p. 10.
220. Num. 31:17.
221. Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins
of Human Violence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1996, p. 67.
222. Heracleides of Pontus, Athenaeus, XII, 26; Richard C. Trexler, ISex and
Conquest: Gendered Violence, Political Order and the European Conquest of te
Americas. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995, p. 23.
223. Martin van Creveld, The Transformation of War. New York: The Free Press,
1991, p. 179.
224. Charles W. Socarides, The Preodipal Origin and Psychoanalytic Therapy of
Sexual Perversion. Madison: International Universities Press, 1988, p. 67.
225. Robert K. Ressler et al, Sexual Homicide: Patterns and Motives. New York
Lexington Books, 1988.
226. A. Nicholas Groth, Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender. New York:
Plenum Press, 1979, p. 27.
227. Ibid., pp. 2, 14.
228. Ibid., p. 15.
229. Robert I. Simon, Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream: A Forensic Psychiatrist
Illuminates the Darker Side of Human Behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric
Press, 1996, p. 78.
230. Alenka Puhar, "On Childhood Origins of Violence in Yugoslavia: II. The
Zadruga." The Journal of Psychohistory 21(1993): 181.
231. John A. Vasquez, The War Puzzle. New York: Cambridge University Press,
1993, p. 115.
232. John Toland, Adolf Hitler. New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1992, pp. 569.
233. Ibid, p. 620.
234. Klaus Theweleit, Male Fantasies. Vol. 1: Women, Floods, Bodies, History.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987, p. 205
235. Alenka Puhar, "A Letter From Yugoslavia, In The Raw." The Journal of Psychohistory
19(1992): 340.
236. Sam Keen, Faces of the Enemy: Reflections of the Hostile Imagination. San
Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986, p. 76.
237. Henry F. Graff, The Tuesday Cabinet: Deliberation and Decision on Pece
and War Under Lyndon B. Johnson. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1990,
p. 106.
238. Alexandra Stiglmayer, Ed., Mas Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993, pp. x, 118, 129.
239. Lloyd deMause, "The History of Child Assault." The Journal of Psychohistory
18(1990): 16-18; Michael Newton, "Written in Blood: A History of Human Sacrifice."
The Journal of Psychohistory 24(1996): 104-131.
240. Dvid Carrasco, City of Scrifice: The Aztec Empire and the Role of Violence
in Civilization. Boston: Beacon Press, 1999, p. 39.
241. Sue Mansfield, The Gestalts of War: An Inquiry Into Its Origins and Meanings
as a Social Institution. New York: The Dial Press, 1982, p. 161.
242. Maria Tatar, Lustmord: Sexual Murder in Weimar Germany. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1995, p. 182.
243. Juha Siltala, "Prenatal Fantasies During the Finish Civil War." The Journal
of Psychohistory 22(1995): 484.
244. Carolyn Marvin and David W. Ingle, Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem
Rituals and the American Flag. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999,
p. 53.
245. Daniel Rancour-Laferriere, The Slave Soul of Russia: Moral Masochism and
the Cult of Suffering. New York: New York University Press, 1995, p. 226.
246. Charles Royster, The Destructive War: William T. Sherman, Stonewall Jackson
and the Americans. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991, p. 241; Niall Ferguson,
The Pity of War. New York: Basic Books, 1999, p. 18.
247. Elwin H. Powell, The Design of Discord: Studies of Anomie. oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1970, p. 169.
248. Martin Broszat, Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany. Oxford: Berg,
1987, p. 40.
249. Michael C. C. Adams, The Great Adventure: Male Desire and the Coming of
World War I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 55.
250. Herbert Rosinski, The German Army. New York: Praeger, 1966, p. 132.
251. Charles Socarides, The Preoedipal Origin and Psychoanalytic Treatment of
Perversions, p. 7.
252. Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962, p. 121.
253. Bruce Catton, The Coming Fury. Garden City, NY: Doyubleday & Co., 1961,
p. 325.
254. P. M. H. Bell, The Origins of the Second World War in Europe. Second Ed.
New York: Longman, 1997.
255. Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the
Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.
256. Marion A. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 13.
257. Ron Rosenbau, Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil.
New York: Random House, 1998, p. 335.
258. John Weiss, Ideology of Death: Why the Holocaust Happened in Germany. Chicago:
Ivan R. Dee, 1991, p. vii.
259. Christopher R. Browning, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Attalion 101 and
the Final Solution in Poland. New York: Harper Collins, 1998, p. 199.
260. Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck, The Holocaust and History: The Known,
the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1998, p. 240.
261. Klaus P. Fischer, The History of an Obsession: German Judeophobia and the
Holocaust. New York: Continuum, 1998, p. 5.
262. George M. Kren and Leon Rappoport, The Holocaust and the Crisis of Human
Behavior. Rev. Ed. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1980, p. 40.
263. Theodore Abel, Why Hitler Came Into Power. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1938, p. 6.
264. William Sheridan Allen, The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a
Single German Town, 1922-1945. New York: F. Watts, 1984, pp. 24, 69.
265. Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich:
Bavaria 1933-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983, p. 47.
266. Paul Bookbinder, Weimar Germany: The Republic of the Reasonable. Manchester:
Manchester University Press, 1996, p. 219.
267. Peter H. Merkl, The Making of a Stormtrooper. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1980, p. 228.
268. "The Psychohistorical Origins of the Nazi Youth Cohort." In Peter Loewenberg,
Decoding the Past: The Psychohistorical Approach. New Brunswick: Transaction
Publishers, 1996, pp. 240-283.
269. Ibid., p. 249.
270. Ibid., p. 251.
271. Bernt Engelmann, In Hitler’s Germany: Everyday Life in the Third Reich.
New York: Schocken Books, 1986, p. 44.
272. Ibid., p. 253.
273. Hans Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy. Chapel Hill: The University
of North Carolina Press, 1989,, p. 351.
274. Mitchell G. Ash, "American and German Perspectives on the Goldhagen Debate."
Holocaust and Genocide Studies 7(1997): 402.
275. Mary Jo Maynes, Taking the Hard Road. Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press, 1995, p. 63.
276. Ibid., pp. 66-67.
277. M. J. Maynes, "Childhood Memories, Political Visions, and Working-Class
Formation in Imperial Germany: Some Comparative Observations." In Geoff Eley,
Ed., Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870-1930. Ann Arbor: The University
of Michigan Press, 1997, p. 157.
278. Lloyd deMause, Hg., Hört ihr die Kinder weinen: Eine psychogenetische Geschichte
der Kindheit. Frankfurt am Main, 1977; Friedhelm Nyssen, Die Geschichte der
Kindheit bei L. deMause: Quellendiskussion. Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lange, 1987;
Ute Schuster-Keim u. Alexander Keim, Zur Geschichte der Kindheit bei Lloyd deMause:
Psychoanalytische Reflexion. Frankfurt/M: Peter Lange, 1988; Aurel Ende, "Battering
and Neglect: Children in Germany, 1860-1978." The Journal of Psychohistory 7(1979):249-279;
Aurel Ende, "Bibliography on Childhood and Youth in Germany from 1820-1978:
A Selection." The Journal of Psychohistory 7(1979): 281-288; Raffael Scheck,
"Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings, 1740-1820." The Journal of Psychohistory
15(1987): 397-422; Friedhelm Nyssen, Ludwig Janus, Hg., Psychogenetische Geschichte
der Kindheit: Beiträge zur Psychohistorie der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung. Giessen:
Psychosozial-Verlag, 1997; Ralph Frenken, Kindheit und Autobiographie vom 14.
bis 17. Jahrhundert: Psychohistorische Rekonstruktionen. 2 Bände. Kiel: Oetker-Voges-Verlag,
1999.
279. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 409.
280. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," pp. 249-250.
281. Emma Louise Parry, Life Among the Germans. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co.,
1887, p. 20
282. Judith Schneid Lewis, In the Family Way: Childbearing in the British Aristocracy,
1760-1860. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986, p. 65.
283. Mary Jo Maynes, "Gender and Class in Working-Class Women’s Autobiographies."
In Ruth-Ellen B. Joeres and Mary Jo Maynes, Eds., German Women in the Eighteenth
and Nineteenth Centuries: a Social and Literary History. Bloomington: Indiana
Universtiy Press, 1986, pp. 238-239.
284. Ute Frevert, Women in German History: From Bourgeois Emancipation to Sexual
Liberation. Oxford: Berg, 1989.
285. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik: Wunsch- und Schreckensbilder
aus vier Jahrhunderten. Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1983, p. 189.
286. Ibid., p. 200.
287. Ibid., p. 186.
288. Adelheid Popp, Jugend einer Arbeiterin. Berlin: Verlag Dietz Nachf, 1977,
p. 1f.
289. Fritz Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the
Germanic Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961, p.5.
290. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, p. 170.
291. Stuart Herry, Villa Elsa: A Story of German Family Life. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co., 1920, p. 253.
292. Bertram Schaffner, Father Land: A Study of Authoritarianism in the German
Family. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948, p. 35.
293. Ibid., p. 34.
294. Robert Woods, "Infant Mortality in Britain" in Alain Bideau, et al., Eds.,
Infant and Child Mortality in the Past. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, p. 76;
Pier Paolo Viazzo, "Alpine Patterns of Infant Mortality." In Bideau; Lorenzo
Del Panta, "Infant and Child Mortality in Italy," In Bideau; Jörg Vögele, "Urbanization,
Infant Mortality and Public Health in Imperial Germany." In Carlo A. Corsini
and Pier Paolo Viazzo, Eds., The Decline of Infant and Child Mortality: The
European Experience: 1750-1990. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1997,
pp. 6, 110-111, 194.
295. Regina Schulte, "Infanticide in Rural Bavaria in the Nineteenth Century."
In Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, Eds., Interest and Emotion: Essays on
the Study of Family and Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984,
pp. 91, 101.
296. Ibid., p. 87.
297. Ibid., pp. 89.
298. Mary Jo Maynes and Thomas Taylor, "Germany." In Joseph M. Hawes and N.
Ray Hiner, Eds., Children in Historical and Comparative Perspective. New York:
Greenwood Press, 1991, p. 309.
299. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 252.
300. John E. Knodel, Demographic Behavior in the Pst: A Study of Fourteen German
Village Populations in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1988, p. 543.
301. Ann Taylor Allen, Feminism and Motherhood in Germany. New Brunswick, NJ:
Rutgers University Press, 1991, p. 178.
302. Ibid., p. 177.
303. Mary Jo Maynes and Thomas Taylor, "Germany," p. 308.
304. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 260.
305. Aurel Ende, "The Psychohistorian’s Childhood and the History of Childhood."
The Journal of Psychohistory 9(1981): 174.
306. Ute Frevert, Women in German Histroy: From Bourgeois Emancipation to Sexual
Liberation. Oxford: Berg, 1989, p. 28.
307. Valerie A. Fildes, Breasts, Bottles, and Babies: A History of Infant Feeding.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1986, pp. 98-122, 152-163.
308. Marie van Bothmer, German Home Life. Second Ed. New York: Appleton & Co.,
1876, p. 15.
309. Clara Asch Boyle, German Days: Personal Experiences and Impressions of
Life, Manners, and Customs in Germany. London: John Murray, 1919, p. 228.
310. Edward Ross Dickinson, The Politics of German Child Welfare from the Empire
to the Federal Republic. Cambrdige: Harvard University Press, 1996, p. 62.
311. Karin Norman, A Sound Family Makes a Sound State: Ideology and Upbringing
in a German Village. Stockholm: Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology, 1991,
p. 97; Heide Wunder, He Is the Sun, She Is the Moon: Women in Early Modern Germany.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 20.
312. Ibid., p. 27.
313. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, p. 161.
314. Peter Petschauer, "Growing Up Female in Eighteenth-Century Germany." The
Journal of Psychohistory 11(1983): 172.
315. Anon., Cornhill Magazine 1867: 356.
316. Henry Mayhew, German Life and Manners as Seen in Saxony at the Present
Day. London: William H. Allen, 1864, p. 490.
317. Lloyd deMause, "Schreber and the History of Childhood." The Journal of
Psychohistory 15(1987): 427.
318. F. Lamprecht et al, "Rat Fighting Behavior." Brain Research 525(1990):
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319. Ralph Frenken, Kindheit und Autobiographie.
320. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 252.
321. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 401;
Heide Wunder, He Is the Sun, p. 23.
322. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," Ibid.
323. Michael Mitterauer, "Servants and Youth." Continuity and Change 56(1990):21;
Albert Ilien, Jeggle, Utz, Leben auf dem Dorf: zur Sozialgeschichte des Dorfes
und zur Sozialpsychologie seiner Bewohner. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1976,
p. 76.
324. Robert Lee, "Family and ‘Modernization.’" The Peasant Family and Social
Change in Nineteenth-Century Bavaria." In Richard J. Evans and W. R. Lee, Eds.,
The German Family: Essays on the Social History of the Family in 19th- and 20th-Century
Germany. London: Croom Helm, 1981, p. 96.
325. Carl Haffter, "The Changeling: History and Psychodynamics of Attitudes
to Handicapped Children in European Folklore." Journal of the History of the
Behavioral Sciences 4(1968): 58.
326. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, p. 189.
327. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 402.
328. Regina Schulte, "Infanticide in Rural Bavaria in the Nineteenth Century."
In Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, Eds., Interest and Emotion: Essays on
the Study of Family and Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984,
p. 90.
329. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 403.
330. Charlotte Sempell, "Bismarck’s Childhood: A Psychohistorical Study." 2(1974):
115; Melvin Kalfus, Richard Wagner As Cult Hero: The Tanhäuser Who Would Be
Siegfried." The Journal of Psychohistory 11(1984): 325.
331. J. F. G. Goeters, Die Evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI Jahrhunderts,
Vol. XIV. Tübingen: Kurpfalz, 1969, p. 294.
332. Karin Norman, A Sound Family Makes a Sound State: Ideology and Upbringing
in a German Village. Stockholm: University of Stockholm, 1991, p. 101.
333. Priscilla Robertson, "Home As a Nest: Middle Class Childhood in Nineteenth-Century
Europe." In Lloyd deMause, Ed., The History of Childhood. New York: Psychohistory
Press, 1974, p. 419.
334. Walter Hävernick, "Schläge" als Strafe: Ein Bestandteil der heutigen Familiensitte
in volkskundlicher Sicht. Hamburg: Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1964,
p. 53.
335. Ewarld M. Plass, comp., What Luther Says: An Anthology. St. Louis: Concordia
Publishing House, 1959, p. 145.
336. Walter Havernick, "Schläge" als Strafe, p. 102.
337. Ibid.
338. Der Spiegel, September 19, 1978, p. 66; Detlev Frehsee, Einige Daten zur
endlosen Geschichte des Züchtigungsrechts. Bielefeld, privately printed, 1997.
339. Amy L. Gilliland and Thomas R. Verny, "The Effects of Domestic Abuse on
the Unborn Child." Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 13(1999):
236.
340. Morton Schatzman, "Paranoia or Persecution: The Case of Schreber." History
of Childhood Quarterly: The Journal of Psychohistory. 1(1973): 75.
341. Alice Miller, For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Child-Rearing and the
Roots of Violence. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990, p. 15
342. Ibid., p. 152; Robert G. L. Waite, Kaiser and Führer: A Comparative Study
of Personality and Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998, p.
329; George Victor, Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington, DC: Brassey’s,
1998, p. 29.
343. Bertram Schaffner, Father Land: A Study of Authoritarianism in the German
Family. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948, p. 21.
344. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 411.
345. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, p. 167.
346. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 411.
347. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 259.
348. Ibid., p. 260.
349. Ibid., p. 258
350. Herman Baartman, "Child Suicide and Harsh Punishment in Germany at the
Turn of the Last Century." Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the
History of Education 30(1994): 851.
351. Ibid., pp. 852, 857.
352. Ann Taylor Allen, Feminism and Motherhood in Germany, 18001914. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press, 1991, pp. 139, 150.
353. Ann Taylor Allen, "Feminism and Motherhood in Germany and in International
Perspective 1800-1914." In Patricia Herminghouse and Magda Mueller, Eds., Gender
and Germanness: Cultural Productions of Nation. Providence: Berghahn Books,
1997, p. 121.
354. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 404.
355. Katharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, p. 93.
356. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 403;
Lloyd deMause, "Schreber and the History of Childhood." The Journal of Psychohstory
1591987): 427; Morton Schatzman, "Paranoia or Persecution: The Case of Schreber."
History of Childhood Quarterly: The Journal of Psychohistory 1(1973): 66-70;
Katatharina Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, pp. 17, 59.
357. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 405.
358. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 405.
359. William Howett, "The Rural and Domestic Life of Germany. Frankfurt: Jugel,
1843, p. 236.
360. Peter Petschauer, "Children of Afers, of ‘Evolution of Childhood’ Revisited."
The Journal of Psychohistory 13(1985): 138.
361. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 406.
362. Arno Gruen, "The Need to Punish: The Political Consequences of Identifying
with the Aggressor." The Journal of Psychohistory 27(1999): 142.
363. Alan Dundes, Life is Like a Chicken Coop Ladder: A Portrait of German Culture
Through Folklore. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984; Friedrich von Zglinicki,
Geschichte des Klistiers: Das Klistier in der Geschichte der Medizin, Kunst
und Literatur. Frankfurt: Viola Press, n.d.
364. Gerhart S. Schwarz, Personal Interview, Ms., 1974.
365. Ibid.
366. Reinhard Sieder, "’Vata, derf i aufstehn?’: Childhood Experiences in Viennese
Working Class Families Around 1900." Continuity and Change 1(1986):62-64.
367. Florence Rush, The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980, pp. 85-93.
368. Albert Moll, The Sexual Life of Children. New York: 1913, p. 219.
369. Marianne Krull, Freud and His Father. New York: W. W. Norton, 1986.
370. Simund Freud, Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund
Freud. Vol. III, p. 164, Vol. VII, p. 180.
371. Fritz Wittels, Set the Children Free! New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1933,
p. 124.
372. Mary Jo Maynes, "Gender and Class in Working-class Women’s Autobiographies."
In Ruth-Ellen Joeres and Mary Jo Maynes, Eds., German Women in the Eighteenth
and Nineteenth Centuries, pp. 238-239.
373. David Clay Large, Where Ghosts Walked: Munich’s Road to the Third Reich.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1`997, p. xix.
374. Sigmund Freud, Standard Edition, Vol. X, p. 8.
375. Ibid., Vol. XXI, p. 234.
376. Lloyd deMause, "The Evolution of Childhood," pp. 57-58; Gerhart S. Schwarz,
"Devices to Prevent Masturbation." Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality May 1973.
377. Sander L. Gilman, Difference and Pathology: Race, Stereotypes of Sexuality,
Race and Madness. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985, pp. 41-45.
378. Albert Moll, The Sexual Life of the Child, p. 219; Iwan Bloch, The Sexual
Life of Our Time. New York: Rebman, 1980, p. 631.
379. Ibid., 633.
380. Regina Schulte, "Infanticide in Rural Bavaria in the Nineteenth Century."
In Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, Eds., Interest and Emotion, p. 85.
381. Mary Jo Maynes, "Adolescent Sexuality and Social Identity in French and
German Lower-Class Autobiography." Journal o9f Family History 17(1992): 407.
382. Klaus Theweleit, Male Fantasies: Vol. 2 Male Bodies: Psychoanalyzing the
White Terror. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, p. 320; Katharina
Rutschky, Deutsche Kinder-Chronik, 1983, p. 811; Thijs Maasen, "Man-Boy Friendships
on Trial: On the Shift in the Discourse on Boy Love in the Early Twentieth Century."
In Theo Sandfort et al, Male Intergenerational Intimacy: Historical, Socio-Psychological,
and Legal Perspectives. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1991, pp. 47-53.
383. Preserved Smith, A History of Modern Culture Vol. 2. New York: H. Holt
& Co., 1934, p. 423.
384. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 255.
385. Raffael Scheck, "Childhood in German Autobiographical Writings," p. 412.
386. Fritz Stern, Dreams and Delusions: The Drama of German History. New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1987, pp. 105, 110.
387. Marion A. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 55; Ute Frevert, Women in German
History: From Bourgeois Emancipation to Sexual Liberation. Oxford: Berg, 1989,
p. 111.
388. Aurel Ende, "Battering and Neglect," p. 262.
389. Sarah Moskovitz, Love Despite Hate: Child Survivors of the Holocaust and
Their Adult Lives. New York: Shocken, 1983, p. 23; Martin Gilbert, The Boys:
The Untold Story of 732 Young Concentration Camp Survivors. New York: Henry
Holt & Co., 1997.
390. Jeanne Hill, "Believing Rachel." The Journal of Psychohistory 24(1996):
132-146.
391. Henry V. Dicks, Licensed Mass Murder: A Sociopsychological Study of Some
SS Killers. New York: Basic Books, 1972, p. 205.
392. Samuel P. Oliner and Pearl M. Oliner, The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers
of Jews in Nazi Europe. aNew York: The Free Press, 1988.
393. Ibid., p. 181.
394. Klaus P. Fischer, The HIstory of an Obsession: German Judeophobia and the
HOlocaust. New York: Continuum, 1998, p. 158.
395. Ute Frevert, Women in German History: From Bourgeois Emancipation to Sexual
Liberation. New York: Berg, 1989, p. 188.
396. Klaus Theweleit, Male Fantasies: Vol. 2: Male Bodies: Psychoanalyzing the
White Terror. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, p. 45.
397. Claudia Koonz, Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, The Family, and Nazi Politics.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981, pp. 12-13.
398. E. J. Feuchtwanger, From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918-33. New York:
St. Martin’s Press, 1995, p. 182.
399. Ibid., pp. 32, 98.
400. Fritz Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the
Germanic Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961, pp. xi-xix.
401. Anton Kaes et al., Eds. The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1994, p. 17.
402. Peter S. Fisher, Fantasy and Politics: Visions of the Future in the Weimar
Republic. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1991, p. 95.
403. Eric A. Johnson, The Crime Rate: Longitudinal and Periodic Trends in Nineteenth-
and Twentieth-century German Criminality, from Vormärz to Late Weimar." In Richard
J. Evans, Ed., The German Underworld: Deviants and Outcasts in German History.
London: Routledge, 1988, p. 172.
404. Claudia Koonz, Mothers in the Fatherland, p. 41.
405. E. J. Feuchtwanger, From Weimar to Hitler, p. 200; Ian Kershaw, Weimar:
Why Did German Democracy Fail? New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990, p. 22.
406. P. M. H. Bell, The Origins of the Second World War in Europe. Second Ed.
London: Longman, 1997, p. 41.
407. Klaus P. Fischer, The History of an Obsession, p. 4.
408. Hans Mommsen, "The Thin Patina of Civilization: Anti-Semitism was a necessary,
But By No Means a Sufficient, Condition for the Holocaust." In Robert R. Shandley,
Ed., Unwilling Germans: The Goldhagen Debate. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press, 1998, p. 191.
409. Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich.
Bavaria 1933-1945. oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983, p. 231.
410. Christopher R. Browning, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and
the Final Solution in Poland. New York: Harper Collins, 1998, p. 200.
411. Siegfried Kracauer, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of
the German Film. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947, p. 55.
412. Peter Fritzsche, Germans Into Nazis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1998, p. 159.
413. Ibid., p. 206
414. Renate Bridenthal et al., Eds., When Biology Became Destiny: Women in Weimar
and Nazi Germany. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984, p. 34.
415. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1940, p. 346, 160.
416. Willy Schumann, Being Present: Growing Up in Hitler’s Germany. Kent, OH:
Kent State University Press, 1991, p. 145.
417. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1889-1936: Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998,
p. 46.
418. Claudia Koonz, Mothers in the Fatherland, p. 62.
419. Robert G. L. Waite, The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. New York: Da Capo
Press, 1977, pp. 6-7, 157; Waite reproduces the Medusa picture next to a photo
of Hitler’s mother, showing their similarity.
420. Detlev J. K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition, and
Racism in Everyday Life. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982, pp. 69, 200.
421. Detlev J. K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany, p. 167.
422. George L. Mosse, The Fascist Revolution: Toward a General Theory of Fascism.
New York: Howard Fertig, 1999, p. 34.
423. David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews. New York: Pantheon Books,
1984.
424. Klaus P. Fischer, The History of an Obsession, p. 277.
425. Ibid., p. 288.
426. "The American Experience," WNYC-TV, April 7, 1994.
427. Marion A. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair, p. 70.
428. George M. Kren and Leon Rappoport, The Holocaust and the Crisis of Human
Behavior. Rev. Ed., New York: Holmes & Meier, 1980, p. 104.
429. Anthony P. Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War. New York: Routledge,
1977, p. 43.
430. Richard Lamb, The Drift to War: 1922-1939. New York: St. Martin’s Press,
1989, p. 85.
431. David Beisel, The Suicidal Embrace: Hitler, the Allies and the Origins
of World War II, forthcoming.
432. Götz Aly et al., Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, pp. 29-55.
433. Ibid., pp. 55, 188-189; Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide:
From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: The University of North
Carolina Press, 1995, pp. 39-61.
434. Götz Aly, ‘Final Solution’: Nazi Population Policy and the Murder of the
European Jews. Dondon: Arnold, 1999, p. 30.
435. Götz Aly et al.., Cleansing the Fatherland, p. 46.
436. Ibid., p. 27.
437. George Victor, Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington: Brassey’s, 1998,
p. 171.
438. Klaus P. Fischer, Nazi Germany: A New History. New York: Continuum, 1998,
p. 439.
439. Ibid.
440. Orville H. Bullitt, Ed., For the President: Personal and Secret: Correspondence
Between Franklin D. Roosevelt and William C. Bullitt. London: Andre Deutsch,
1973, p. 308.
441. H. R. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s Secret Conversations 1941-1944. New York:
Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953, p. 11.
442. Ibid., p. xviii.
443. Ibid.,
p. 22.
444. Anthony P. Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War. New York: Routledge,
1977, p. 72.
445. Joachim C. Fest, Hitler. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1973, p. 578.
446. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1939, p. 3.
447. Thomas J. Scheff, Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Ntionalism, and War. Boulder:
Westview Press, 1994, p. 116.
448. Andrew J. Crozier, The Causes of the Second World War. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers, 1997, p. 147.
449. Jost Dülffer, Nazi Germany 1933-1945: Faith and Annihilation. London: Arnold,
1996, p. 61.
450. Peter Fritzsche, Germans Into Nazis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1998, p. 7.
451. Richard Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany
1933-1945. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995, p. 236Theodore Abel, Why Hitler Came
Into Power. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938, pp. 212, 236.
452. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 708.
453. Gordon A. Craig, Germany 1866-1945. New York: Oxford University Press,
1978, p. 713.
454. Anthony P. Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War, p. 77.
455. Klaus P. Fischer, Nazi Germany, p. 439.
456. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 709.
457. Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS. New
York: Ballantine, 1971, p. 409.
458. John Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 680.
459. John G. Stoessinger, Why Nations Go to War. Seventh Edition. New York:
St. Martin’s Press, 1998, p. 29.
460. John Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 685.
461. Christopher R. Browning, The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the
Final Solution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 111.
462. Ibid., p. 9.
463. Ibid., p. 20.
464. Götz Aly, ‘Final Solution’: Nazi Population Policy and the Murder of the
European Jews. London: Arnold, 1999, p. 7.
465. Christopher R. Browning, The Path to Genocide, p. 25.
466. Ibid.
467. Eberhard Jäckel, "The Holocaust: Where We Are, Where We Need to Go." In
Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck, Eds., The Holocaust and History: The
Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1998, p. 25.
468. Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich,
p. 58.
469. Rudolph Binion, Hitler Among the Germans. New York: Elsevier, 1976, p.
58.
470. Götz Aly, ‘Final Solution,’ p. 215.
471. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust, pp. 155, 320, 330, 442, 687.
472. Richard C. Lukas, Did the Children Cry? Hitler’s War Against Jewish and
Polish Children, 1939-1945. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994, p. 75.
473. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the
Second World War. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985, pp. 457, 546.
474. Stanley Rosenman, "The Fundament of German Character." The Journal of Psychohistory
14(1986, p. 67.
475. Terrence Des Pres, The Survivor: An Anatomy of Life in the Death Camps.
New York: Pocket Books, 1977, p. 58; Klaus P. Fischer, Nazi Germany, pp. 53,
55, 338.
476. Terrence Des Pres, The Survivor, p. 58.
477. Gitta Sereny, Into That Darkness: An Examination of Conscience. New York:
Random House, 1974, p. 101.
478. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, p. 416.
479. David R. Beisel, "Europe’s Killing Frenzy." The Journal of Psychohistory
25(1997): 207.
480. Ervin Staub, The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group
Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 223.
481. Gitta Sereny, Into That Darkness, p. 166.
482. R. J. Rummel, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder. New brunswick: Transaction
Publishers, 1992, p. 70.
483. Christopher R. Browning, Ordinary Men, p. 83.
484. Henryk Grynberg, Children of Zion. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University
Press, 1997, pp. 21, 23; Terrence Des Pres, The Survivor, p. 53; Nili Keren,
"The Family Camp," In Israel Gutman and Michael Berenbaum, Eds., Anatomy of
the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994, p. 432.
485. Martin Gilbert, The Boys: The Untold Story of 732 Young Concentration Camp
Survivors. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1996, p. 206
486. Klaus Theweleit, Male Fantasies, p. 301.
487. Binjamin Wilkomirski, Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood. New York:
Schocken Books, 1995, p. 60; Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing
and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books, 1986, p. 282; Israel
Gutman and Michael Berenbaum, Eds., Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp, p.
308, Gitta Sereny, Into That Darkness, p. 202.
488. Klaus P. Fischer, The History of an Obsession: German Judeophobia and the
Holocaust. New York: Continuum, 1998, p. 346.
489. Evan Luard, War in International Society: A Study in International Sociology.
London: I. B. Tauris, & Co., 1986, p. 394.
490. R. J. Rummel, Death By Government. New brtunswick: Transaction Publishers,
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491. Ibid., p. 9.
492. Kim A. McDonald, "Anthropologists Debate Whether, and How, War Can be Wiped
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Haven: Yale University Press, 1966, p. 133; Kalevi J. Holsti, Peace and War:
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495. Carolyn Marvin and David W. Ingle, Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem
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496. J. L. Ray, "Wars Between Democracies: Rare, or Nonexistent?" International
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498. Ibid., pp. 89, 183.
499. M. J. Meggitt, Blood is Their Argument: Warfare Among the Mae Enga Tribesmen
of the New Guinea Highlands. Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1977, p. 110; Bruce M. Knauft,
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500. J. A. Yost and P. M. Kelley, "Shotguns, Blowguns, and Spears: the Analysis
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501. Lawrence H. Keeley, War Before Civilization, p. 38; Marilyn Keys Roper,
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502. George Modelski, Long Cycles in World Politics. Seattle: University of
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503. Joseph B. Birdsell, An Introduction to the New Physical Anthropology. New
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505. Lloyd deMause, Foundations of Psychohistory, pp. 117-123.
506. Napoleon A. Chagnon and William Irons, Evolutionary Biology and Human Social
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507. Brude M. Knauft, Good Company and Violence: Sorcery and Social Action in
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509. Bruce M. Knauft, Good Company and Violence, p. 55.
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515. See Chapter 6; also see Glenn Davis, Childhood and History in America.
New York: Psychohistory Press, 1976.
516. Martin van Creveld, The Transformation of War. New York: The Free Press,
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517. Stephen K. Sanderson, Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical
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p. 292.
518. Ruth Leger Sivard, World Military and Social Expenditures. Washington,
DC: World Priorities, 1998.
519. Alenka Puhar, "Childhood Nightmares and Dreams of Revenge." The Journal
of Psychohistory 22(1944): 131-170.
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